Basic Structure Of Optical Fiber Cables

Optical fiber cables mainly consist of a core, cladding, and coating. The core, located at the center of the fiber, is the primary channel for optical signal transmission. It is typically made of high-purity silicon dioxide (SiO₂), possessing extremely high light transmittance and optical signal transmission efficiency. The cladding tightly wraps around the core, with a slightly lower refractive index than the core, ensuring total internal reflection of the optical signal within the core, thus enabling long-distance transmission. The coating, located on the outermost layer of the fiber, primarily serves a protective function, preventing damage from the external environment.